How to become A Network Security Engineer

Hackers are always on the lookout for new vulnerabilities to exploit. Information about businesses and individuals is in danger of becoming exposed or used against them when networks are not secure. The knowledge and expertise of Network Security Engineers are crucial in developing and implementing appropriate network software to secure an organisation's networks and, thereby, the organisation itself.

• Information Security Architect
• Information Security Engineer
• Network Architect
• Network Engineer
• Network Security Analyst
• Network Security Administrator
• Network Security Advisor
• Network & Security Engineer
• Cyber Security Engineer
• Security Solutions Architect

What do Network Security Engineers do?

A Network Security Engineer would typically need to:

• Assess an organisation’s security needs; analyse its cybersecurity, intelligence and information technology policies and pinpoint gaps; establish suitable best practices and standards and take steps to ensure the safety of the organisation's infrastructure and data
• Design network system configuration; direct installation; define, document, and enforce system standards
• Plan, design, build and analyse new security measures and protocols as a more efficient precaution against threats or malfunctions; upgrades to existing ones to safeguard data, systems, and networks
• Define the monitoring process; schedule upgrades to the latest stable firmware releases; improve the resilience of the current environment
• Maintain LAN, WLAN, server architecture, and switches complying with business policy; supervise new hardware/software installation
• Configure, position, provide, and administer several components of security-related hardware and software; define and monitor access; monitor and ensure web security gateways, perimeter security, network access controls, and endpoint security
• Understand the basics of data protection, including securing cloud services and the principles of network & system infrastructure design; support and administer firewall environments to support the IT security policy
• Implement the plans, such as virus-detection systems; supervise, maintain, review and test the new security solutions; develop the protocol for security authentication
• Work on individual application deployment and development tools, connecting diverse components; get the companys' business applications up and running
• Conduct routine penetration testing, scans, and reverse software engineering where necessary, and track vulnerable scripts to identify network and system vulnerabilities and avert the potential threats
• Troubleshoot network and security issues and incidents including hardware malfunction; respond to all security threats and breaches to the network and related systems; assist in investigating alerts and security breaches
• Investigate data network faults in local and wide-area environments, based on information from various sources; report operational status of the network; adjust & redesign it as needed
• Develop and oversee the virtual private network, firewalls and web protocols, and maintain email security decorum; configure routing and switching
• Work with diverse solutions; engage actively in the change management process
• Work with the chief technology officer (CTO) to align network security designs with organisational goals
• Suggest modifications in legal, technical and regulatory areas that may have a positive impact on IT security
• Formulate and share status reports of hardware and software products in line with policies; maintain and implement the standard operating procedure (SOP) for network security and the information system management systems (ISMS)
• Supervise the project management team and third-line engineers during installation of programs; oversee those working in network security setup & configuration; communicate with clients through email and phone to capture initial requirements or resolve issues
• Continuously assess the latest network technologies and collaborate with network architects on the optimisation of network performance, security and efficiency
• Provide remote support and troubleshooting to on-site engineers and end-users/customers as needed
• Handle routine administrative tasks

Network Security Engineers spend most of their time in their office working at a computer. Occasionally, they operate in server rooms with access to the hardware that makes up a company's computer and data network.

The majority of Network Security Engineers specialise in network management for a single business. Those who choose to outsource their skills to various companies may travel to specific business locations. The post may frequently necessitate a temporary relocation to another city, region, or country.

Network Security Engineers typically work full time and 40 hours a week. They may sometimes work in the evenings or on weekends to resolve technical issues and meet competing deadlines. You have the option to work on a temporary or contract basis. Freelance work will allow you to set your schedule, but before you branch off on your own, you may begin by doing on-site work for a company.

Finding a new job might seem challenging. Network Security Engineers can boost their job search by asking their network for referrals, contacting companies directly, using job search platforms, going to job fairs, leveraging social media, and inquiring at staffing agencies. It is helpful to note that Network Security Engineers may work not only in information technology (IT) but in diverse sectors, particularly in enterprises that employ IT software, systems, and equipment.

Network Security Engineers are generally employed by:

• Computer Systems Design Firms
• Governmental Departments
• Finance & Insurance Companies
• Banks
• Corporate Firms
• IT Consultancies
• IT Providers
• Specialist IT Firms
• Healthcare
• Schools & Universities
• Telecommunications
• Management Consultancies
• Transportation Companies
• Telecommunications
• The Utility Industry
• The Retail Industry

Professional associations and organisations, such as the International Cyber Security Protection Alliance (ICSPA), are crucial for Network Security Engineers interested in pursuing professional development or connecting with like-minded professionals in their industry or occupation. Membership in one or more adds value to your resume while bolstering your credentials and qualifications.

• Lifting heavy hardware equipment items may cause low-back pain; carpal tunnel syndrome due to keyboard use
• Designing a well-secured network to prevent cyber-attacks
• Implementing cloud computing may present risks relating to data losses and security threats
• Working with dissatisfied, improperly trained individuals or those lacking the necessary skills makes the network susceptible to cybersecurity threats, such as the sharing of login credentials with unauthorised users

Employers look favourably on relevant work experience as a way of displaying a real interest in network security. You may start chalking up experience early through vacation work, summer placements, and projects. Some universities provide students opportunities to gain experience in the industry before graduation through paid internships or unpaid externships in which they may shadow professionals. An industrial placement in IT will not only build up your experience but could also lead to an offer of employment.

If opportunities to gain work experience are not in the pipeline, any possibility of shadowing a qualified professional should also help you learn more about the profession. Using IT systems is also helpful to learn about issues that may arise.

Typically, experience working with information technology (IT) systems is valuable. Experience as a network & computer system administrator or network technician or in other computer-related roles such as database administrator or computer systems analyst is also useful.          

As in any career, reading as much as possible about the profession and interviewing those working in network security will offer proof of your commitment to course providers and prospective employers.

Entry-level jobs typically require an associate degree, although employers may prefer bachelor’s degree holders. Some jobs may even require a master’s degree.  Each postsecondary program varies in duration and content.

One pathway for aspiring Network Security Engineers is to obtain an associate degree in cybersecurity and network engineering, which takes two years to complete. It encompasses basic general education and cybersecurity coursework. You may specialise in either software engineering and web development or cybersecurity and network engineering. Typical modules include software design, programming languages, and informational technology.

Other network security students may choose to get a bachelor's degree in a network security-related field, such as computer science, computer or software engineering, programming, information security, or software security. Bachelor's programs, usually lasting over four years, cover advanced knowledge through courses on sensors & networks, hardware systems & control, network rooting management, and software engineering. In addition to learning programming languages currently in use, you equip yourselves with skills and strategies to manage real-life cyber incidents and computer networking matters.

In most circumstances, Network Security Engineers do not require a license or professional certifications from among several available. Still, it may be desirable to acquire a certification as it displays a dedication to excellence while also demonstrating that an engineer’s knowledge is up to date. The Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP)is a popular certification that expands your knowledge of security practices and principles.

Certification in vendor-specific programming products is also available since some companies mandate their Network Security Engineers to possess certification in the products they use.

Performance, experience, and the acquisition of professional qualifications drive career progression. Security Network Engineers with consistently high-performance levels may be eligible for promotion every two to three years.

Network Security Engineers may progress to Network Engineers, then Senior Network Engineers, and Senior Security & Network Engineers, once they have adequate experience. As you advance, you may take on more significant responsibilities or a leadership role, such as a Senior Systems Engineer, which could eventually lead to higher positions and titles. Those choosing to expand their careers in other IT, customer-related or management functions could also become Information Technology Operations Managers or Infrastructure Project Managers. You could also take the route of reaching the position of Information Technology Director and onward to the Senior Director Of Information & Technology.

Another pathway could be to become an Information Security Analyst or Officer. This role could lead you, given time and experience, to become the Vice President Of Engineering eventually, or you could become the Systems Engineering Manager via the role of a Network Administrator.

In large organisations, those who begin as help-desk technicians can advance to Network Security Engineers, then to Senior Network Support, leading up to the role of Network Controllers. In smaller firms, you may take on the role of the network controller right away, in addition to having a variety of other IT and technical support responsibilities.

With relevant experience, you may choose to be self-employed or work as a freelance Security Network Engineer.

Network Security Engineers who have relevant certification should have a greater chance of landing jobs that require specific hardware or software knowledge and expertise.

Continuing professional development (CPD) will help an active Network Security Engineer build personal skills and proficiency through work-based learning, a professional activity, formal education, or self-directed learning. It allows you to upskill continually, regardless of your age, job, or level of knowledge.

Large employers frequently provide structured programs to newly-recruited Network Security Engineers to help them experience working on team-related tasks in diverse fields. Ongoing training, either in-house or through outside courses, will also help you adapt to the needs of the job and learn new skills for the future.

With a few years of experience, Network Security Engineers can obtain a master’s degree in security engineering or in a field such as business administration as it will allow them to advance their job prospects.

Knowledge of the various organisational structures in the public, private, and nonprofit sectors may lead to a better understanding of the different types of data each business creates and how data protection requirements differ.

Also, build up your practical, hands-on experience by training in operating systems, cloud platforms, programming and scripting languages, security tools, mobile systems, mobile secure design principles, and frameworks related to technology risk management. Familiarise yourself with important networking protocols through appropriate courses.

Reflective learning, interaction with peer groups, comprehensive inclusion, workshops, and professional publications educate, influence, support, and foster lifelong enlightenment in all career-grade Network Security Engineers.

Some Nuances of Related IT Careers

Although they often work in tandem, network security architects are typically senior to Network Security Engineers. Security architects formulate the vision for an organisation’s security systems and create a larger framework to place security systems for keeping intruders away. Network Security Engineers deal with the nuts and bolts of the systems, figuring out how to implement security measures. They work at the various entry points to ensure that they admit only authorised individuals. Network Security Engineers Security engineers could step into the roles of security architecture to transition from hands-on cybersecurity into policy and governance. 

Specialisation

Throughout your network security engineering career, you may choose to specialise even further. It can range from cloud and security specialisations, such as network security specialist or cloud networking architect, to wireless networking quality assurance or Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) engineer. 

You can also specialise as a full-stack network engineer (FSNE). Routing, wireless, security, data centre, automation, cloud, and VoIP, an FSNE is well-versed in all aspects of IT.

Cyber Threats

When it comes to cyber risks, Network Security Engineers have a long list to investigate. They must draw up a robust security strategy to respond to the diverse security threats.

A computer virus is similar to a biological virus as it contaminates the network system, performs unapproved activities, and has access to the system’s data.

A Trojan horse is disguised as a harmless application but has malicious purposes.

Phishing is an email that looks as if it has come from a legitimate company but is designed to steal personal and identifiable information.

Spyware and adware are pieces of software that infiltrate a network system and collect personal information without the user’s permission. The data subsequently passes on to someone else.

Denial-of-service attacks are when a network is attacked with numerous requests until it crashes.

Zero-day attacks are attacks that occur on the same day that the attacker discovers a vulnerability. These are challenging since the system does not have time to take precautionary measures.

Potential Pros & Cons of Freelancing vs Full-Time Employment

Freelancing Network Security Engineers have more flexible work schedules and locations. They have full ownership of the business and can select their projects and clients. However, they experience inconsistent work and cash flow, which means more responsibility, effort and risk.

On the other hand, a full-time Network Security Engineer has company-sponsored health benefits, insurance, and retirement plans. They have job security with a fixed, reliable source of income and guidance from their bosses. Yet, they may experience boredom due to a lack of flexibility, ownership, and variety.

When deciding between freelancing or being a full-time employee, consider the pros and cons to see what works best for you.

There is a hacker attack every 39 seconds. Non-secure usernames and passwords give attackers a greater chance of success.

Businesses and governments use computer networks to conduct regular business operations, and so do individuals. With cyber-attacks becoming a universal risk in the digital era, a Network Security Engineer is one of the most vital members of any organisation in safeguarding its business goals, objectives, and data through a well-designed, secure network.

Use strong and two-factor authentication. Update your machines with the latest security fixes. Set automatic updates and educate your employees to accept the updates when prompted. Secure your equipment and ports physically. Make sure that all employees learn the security policy, follow the rules, and enable the use of BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) passwords. Set appropriate security policies to factor in mobiles and the BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) trend.