Why and How the Role of Nursing Associate Emerged
In his report, “The Shape of Caring: Raising the Bar (Health Education England (HEE) 2015), Lord Willis recommended a new nursing role to bridge the gap between registered nurses and health and social care assistants. The study aimed to ensure that all aspirants and incumbents in these roles receive the best education and training to deliver optimal patient care.
After the Department of Health announced the role of Nursing Associate in 2016 to meet the needs of the workforce in England in the health and care sector, Health Education England (HEE) spearheaded its development, leading to the start of training at test sites in January 2017. The Nursing & Midwifery Council (NMC) began regulating the role of Nursing Associate at the same time, putting in place the requisite standards of professional conduct, proficiency and education. It opened the register for Nursing Associates in 2019 for the first batch of qualified Nursing Associates.
The role of Nursing Associates aims at augmenting workforce capacity in health and social care in England (UK), enhancing the delivery of personalised patient care and bridging the distance between unregulated healthcare support workers and registered nurses (RNs). Support workers can aspire to become Nursing Associates, who, in turn, can use their training and experience as a stepping stone to qualify for a career as a registered nurse.
Nursing Associates work alongside and under the supervision of (RNs), collaborating with healthcare support workers. By providing generalised and greater skills than healthcare assistants, they can take on some of the duties of RNs, enabling them and other healthcare staff to focus on assessments and clinical tasks of greater complexity that require a higher level of training, skills and qualifications.
A Generic Role
In their generic role, Nursing Associates are trained to provide holistic care across age groups and settings and for diverse needs. They cater to patients with mental, physical, cognitive and behavioural care needs.
For instance, a Nursing Associate working in community mental health may support registered nurses in also looking after the physical health of patients. If your employer trains you in skills and competencies suited to a surgical ward, you could carry out IV procedures under the guidance of a registered nurse.
Working in a general practice, you could support the cause of patients with learning disabilities by looking after their physical health. You could also disseminate your knowledge to professionals from other general practices to improve overall health and care services. As a Nursing Associate in a care home for senior citizens with physical disabilities, you can deliver systematic evidence-based care based on clinical judgement rather than instinct.
More About Apprenticeship Programs
- Prerequisites: Typically, at least two GCSE grades from 9 to 4 (A* to C), including English and mathematics, or level 2 functional skills in both subjects, are mandatory to apply to pursue a foundation degree to become a Nursing Associate.
- Interview process: In addition to your employer’s hiring processes, you will likely attend university interviews with a panel comprising representatives from your university and workplace. Be prepared with relevant information to answer questions to demonstrate your understanding of the Nursing Associate role. Interviewers seek to identify certain skills, such as communication, and qualities, such as caring, in their conversation with you. You may also be asked to sit a short literacy and numeracy exam. If you are not shortlisted in the first place, you will need to reapply. If you are shortlisted but do not pass the interview, you will still need to reapply but will receive feedback on how to improve.
- At work: Apprenticeships expose Trainee Nursing Associates (TNAs) to varied work environments, which may be familiar or new, depending on if and where you currently work. The experience can be exciting but also stressful at times. TNAs have the chance to network and foster new relationships with their cohort and colleagues, which can be useful when you begin working as a Nursing Associate. Working with registered nurses, you learn from them and carry out tasks they delegate to help them free up time to devote to more complex duties requiring higher education and training.
- Blend of theory & practice: The core of an apprenticeship program is the blend of theory and practice. Simultaneously studying and working with your employer and on placements helps you connect and apply what you learn in the classroom to real-life patients. While each apprentice has their own learning curve, make sure you derive the utmost value from your workplace and colleagues by asking questions, observing closely, reading books and other relevant materials, and diligently completing the assigned tasks. Remember that firsthand practical experience must supplement your theoretical learning to prepare you for your job.
- Placements: During your apprenticeship, you will also undertake placements at healthcare facilities other than your employer, during which you will continue to work and learn. The duration of the placement will depend on the location and the facility’s capacity to take you on in addition to the medical and nursing students training with them. You may receive some training sessions alongside student nurses, which can be helpful as you will work with registered nurses in the future. You may also learn from practising simulated scenarios alongside medical students.
- Routines: Weekly routines are different for each TNA, and shifts are varied, some early morning and some late into the night. Days are long, and you must prioritise your tasks well to factor in work duties and academics. Your employer will allot you study time, and your university will make sure to share its schedule with your employer and placement venue. A typical day at the university will run from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. with about 7.5 hours of class time. Depending on whether your apprenticeship follows the block or integrated approach to your studies, you will likely either have a week each month designated to studying or one day of academic learning per week through the year.
- Workload: Be prepared for a heavy workload that demands excellent time management skills to balance studies and work. While you will be provided study time, you will also have to factor in time for independent research, travel, shift changes, and time for family and friends. Even so, be confident that you can manage extra shifts, if needed, with proper planning and rest. The Nursing Associate foundation degree apprenticeship is an intense and extensive program but also rewarding. Make sure you undertake it at the right time when you commit time and effort to it, even if it means delaying it by a year or two to derive optimal advantage.
- Generic training: Since your training to become a Nursing Associate is generic, you do not need to choose a specialised pathway during your program. Once you complete the program, you are qualified to provide holistic care across diverse healthcare sectors.
The Nursing & Midwifery Council (NMC)
The NMC is an independent regulator of nurses and midwives in the UK and Nursing Associates in England. It safeguards the public by ensuring that these professionals learn, train and work according to established standards and provide safe and effective patient care at all times to all patients and service users. The NMC must also approve course providers based on its quality standards. Nurses, midwives and Nursing Associates must register with the NMC to enable the public to check who is allowed to work.
The NMC opened up the register for Nursing Associates in 2019. It regulates the profession through its code governing professional practice and behaviour, established standards of proficiency for Nursing Associates, and prescribed standards of pre-registration Nursing Associate programs to guide education and training.
Professionals on the NMC register must constantly meet the NMC standards, abide by the professional code and undertake revalidation every three years to grow in their skills, develop their knowledge and reflect on their work. The NMC can investigate any issues concerning a registered professional’s conduct or practice and take appropriate action to enhance the care given to patients and protect their well-being. The NMC works towards fostering professional pride among its members and building trust within the community.
Registered Nurses (RNs) vs Nursing Associates
Given their higher academic qualifications, training and experience, RNs provide more direct and complex patient care. They must complete a minimum of a bachelor’s degree in nursing, which combines academic and practical learning, or an apprenticeship degree which allows them to learn while they earn. Their administrative tasks typically include assessing and documenting the condition and progress of their patients.
Nursing Associates work alongside registered nurses and healthcare assistants to bridge the gap between the two and provide patient care as part of a nursing team, working under the supervision of RNs. They must complete a two-year foundation degree or apprenticeship foundation degree and register with the NMC (Nursing & Midwifery Council).
Both Nursing Associates and registered nurses are accountable and registered professionals who promote health and prevent ill health. They work towards delivering better, faster, safer and more accurate patient care, collaborating in diverse settings as a team. They constantly build their knowledge and skills within their role or expand the scope of their career through professional development.
While Nursing Associates work as team members under the guidance of registered nurses, registered nurses may lead and manage nursing teams or work as team members. Registered nurses assess patient needs to plan, coordinate and deliver the appropriate care and evaluate it. Nursing Associates help execute plans, providing and monitoring integrated patient care. They support the nursing team, allowing RNs greater time to deal with more significant responsibilities than relatively routine tasks, which they may delegate to Nursing Associates with confidence in their NMC-verified competencies.
Healthcare Assistants vs Nursing Associates
Healthcare assistants work under the supervision of physicians and registered nurses. Their responsibilities include basic patient care and administrative duties, such as scheduling patients and answering phones. They either complete a two-year program in medical assistance or receive training on the job. Their work is unregulated, given that they do not need to complete a foundation degree or register with a regulatory body such as the NMC, unlike Nursing Associates.
Since Nurse Associates hold a foundation degree or an apprenticeship foundation degree and NMC registration, they have a broader scope of responsibilities than healthcare assistants. They may perform more skilled and complex tasks than them. Nurse Associates and healthcare assistants must, however, work under the supervision of registered nurses and take guidance from physicians.
Healthcare assistants aspiring to enter the nursing field may now become Nursing Associates by proving their ability to study up to the requisite foundation degree at level 5 and completing the Nursing Associate Apprenticeship program. Once registered as Nursing Associates and have worked for a year in the role, they may work towards acquiring a degree in nursing or complete a nursing degree apprenticeship and head towards becoming registered nurses.
Some History of Nursing
In centuries gone by, nursing consisted of caring, feeding and cleaning up after the sick mainly at home and was carried out primarily by family members, friends and healers in the community. Little healthcare was involved. Men traditionally took on active nursing roles during epidemics. Industrial nurses in the 1800s conducted house calls to check on sick workers, deal with emergencies, teach expectant mothers childcare and help families develop healthy habits. However, wars in the 19th and 20th centuries increased the demand for healthcare, and nurses were given more direct roles in treating the wounded and sick.
In the 19th century, nursing was not considered a respectable occupation for women of high social standing. However, Florence Nightingale (who came to be known as the Lady with the Lamp) broke off from societal norms and fostered the concept of professional nursing by advocating for educated women to use scientific practices to treat the sick. Nightingale and her team of nurses redefined nursing practice in the 19th century by using up-to-date scientific knowledge of sanitation, ventilation, nourishment and medicine to care for the sick and wounded British soldiers in Britain’s Crimean War.
Early urbanisation and industrialisation saw nursing care vary immensely in quality from one hospital to another. However, by the late 19th century, evolving medical practices and treatments, hospitals and physicians requiring trained nursing staff, and women wishing to engage in a useful profession led to the emergence of trained nurses.
The early 20th century saw nurses begin to be accepted as essential to a productive workforce, and the standard of education and competency of nurses increased alongside. Nurses first received their education and training strictly from hospitals, which had some cons, such as encouraging segregation and cultural stereotyping but also had its merits, including the focus on skilled and compassionate care and meticulous adherence to aseptic and infection-control protocols. In the late 20th century, universities and colleges began offering nursing programs and degrees.
The latter part of the 20th century also saw nurses develop new ways of dealing with the growing numbers of patients, innovatively reorganising them, such as grouping those who needed critical care, thereby optimising technology and resources. Models of progressive patient care and primary nursing brought home the need for a nurse for every patient.
Over time, nursing transformed from a domestic duty to a highly systematised career, yet lending the human touch to increasingly technical and less personal medical procedures. Nurses now also play a critical role in every community’s fight against infectious diseases, informing and educating the public, particularly the vulnerable and underprivileged sections of society, and contributing to lower morbidity and mortality rates from such diseases among adults and children. The World Health Organization (WHO) has helped expand the international scope of nursing and recognises it as the core of healthcare systems worldwide.
With the rise of private-duty nurses and the need to establish standards to differentiate between trained nurses, untrained nurses and supporting personnel, it became critical to put in place licensing and registration procedures. The role of a Nursing Associate is recent in history and was introduced in England in 2016 as a way to bridge the gap between healthcare assistants and registered nurses.
Ward Robes
Nurses must follow the dress code of the medical facility where they work. Scrubs and lab coats are standard protocols in most hospitals and clinics. Wear closed shoes, preferably water-resistant, to protect your feet from harmful substances and other accidents. Make sure they are comfortable and have slip-resistant soles or a firm grip since you must stand and walk for extended periods while on duty.
Other personal protective equipment (PPE) includes gloves, masks and goggles. If you attend a conference or present a workshop, you may be required to dress formally to convey a good impression of your professional capabilities.
Current Scenario
The employment outlook of a particular profession may be impacted by diverse factors, such as the time of year (for seasonal jobs), location, employment turnover (when people leave current jobs), occupational growth (when new roles are created), size of the occupation and industry-specific trends and events that affect overall employment.
The demand for nursing will likely increase, given the ageing population and the growing number of people living with chronic conditions, such as obesity, diabetes, arthritis and dementia. The focus on preventive healthcare and the efficient delivery of healthcare services are further reasons for the projected growth of the nursing profession.