Mathematics is at the heart of quantum computing, providing the tools to describe and manipulate quantum systems. This course begins with foundational concepts, exploring complex numbers, vectors, and matrices, as well as the probabilistic nature of quantum states. Learners will understand how these abstract mathematical ideas form the language through which quantum mechanics is expressed, enabling a rigorous description of superposition, entanglement, and state evolution.

The course then delves into core equations defining quantum states. Topics include qubits as vectors in Hilbert space, normalization equations, tensor products for multi-qubit systems, and density matrices. Students will explore the geometric and algebraic interpretations of these equations, understand how pure and mixed states differ, and see how entanglement and Bell states illustrate non-classical correlations. Each concept is illustrated with clear examples to solidify understanding.

Finally, the course covers equations behind quantum operations and algorithms. Quantum gates, represented by unitary matrices, manipulate states, while the Schrödinger equation governs time evolution. Measurement and projection operators explain state collapse, and decoherence through the Lindblad equation shows the effect of noise on real systems. Learners also study quantum algorithms such as the Quantum Fourier Transform, Shor’s, and Grover’s algorithm, connecting mathematical theory to practical quantum computing applications.