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    The Key Contents from this Module are:

    Properties of Sound wave include:

    Frequency: The number of wavelengths that pass a given point in a given amount of time.
    Amplitude: The amount of change a wave undergoes in one cycle.

    A Phonation is a sound resulting from vibrations of the vocal folds as air is expelled from the lungs.

    Prosody is the fluctuations in the fundamental frequency during an utterance.

    Formants are high-amplitude sounds at certain frequencies above the fundamental frequency.

    The major categories of speech sound include:

    Vowels
    Consonants
    Sonorants
    Fricatives

    The two main categories of sound waves are:

    Periodic Sound Wave: These have a regularly repeating pattern, are produced by vibrating objects and are often perceived as ringing or musical in nature.
    Aperiodic Sound Wave: These have an irregularly repeating pattern, are produced by collision or friction and are usually perceived as noise.

    The General Auditory Framework suggests that speech perception operates by the same mechanisms that have evolved for perceiving environmental sounds.

    The principle of Motor Theory suggests that people perceive speech by inferring articulatory gestures not analyzing speech streams.