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    Tension Members and Net Area
     
    The tension members are structural members that are subjected to axial tension forces.
     
    The factors that affect the tensile strength of members are:


    Bolt hole
    Geometry factor of the member
    Spacing of fasteners
    Ductility of Member
    Residual stress
    Shear lag effect

    Net area calculation in tension members is important because rupture could occur along a critical section of the tension members. The net area basically means the total area minus the hole area.
     
    Design Strength of a Tension Member
     
    The codal provision for the calculation of the design strength of tension members can be found in Clause 6 of the Indian general construction code IS: 800 – 2007.
     
    The design strength of a tension member is calculated based on three criteria: Gross yielding of the section, rupture of the critical section, and block shear. The minimum of these three criteria will be the design strength of the tension member.
     
    The factored design tension in members under axial tension should be greater than the least design strength of the tension member due to the gross yielding of the section, rupture of the critical section, and block shear.
     
    The slenderness ratio is the ratio of unsupported length and the least radius of gyration. Theoretically, there shouldn’t be a limiting value of the slenderness ratio for a tensile member. But, from a serviceability point of view, the limitation is necessary to prevent undesirable vibration and lateral movement.