Genomic mutations are the cause of uncontrolled cell division in tumour cells.
Mutations occur due to damage of the genomic DNA when exposed to various internal and external agents.
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), produced in cells, create oxidative DNA lesions.
Oxidative DNA lesions are highly mutagenic in nature.
UV-induced DNA lesions produce photoproducts and are a major cause of sun-burn and skin cancer.
Usually, the DNA lesions are quickly repaired in cells primarily by Base Excision Repair (BER), Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) or Mismatch Repair (MMR).